iyini ipayipi?

Ihubhu lokubopha (hose clamp) iyithuluzi lokufakwa elisetshenziselwa ukuqinisa ihubhu endaweni yokuxhuma efana ne-barb noma i-nipple, ukuvimbela uketshezi noma igesi ukuthi ingavuzi endaweni yokuxhuma. Cishe kuyo yonke inqubo yemishini encike ekudlulisweni koketshezi noma igesi, ubuqotho bokuxhunywa kwehubhu buqondana ngqo nekhwalithi nokufaneleka kwehubhu lokubopha elilibambile endaweni yalo. Noma ngabe usebenzisana nezinhlelo zokupholisa zezimoto, izinjini zasolwandle, ukunisela kwezolimo, noma ingqalasizinda yokukhipha amanzi ezakhiweni, ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwehubhu lokubopha isinqumo sobunjiniyela esiyisisekelo.

Ngokusho kwemithombo yezimboni ehlanganisa amazinga e-SAE International kanye nemininingwane ye-DIN, imakethe yomhlaba wonke yezibopho zamapayipi kanye nezingxenye zokuqinisa iyaqhubeka ikhula njengoba imishini iba yinkimbinkimbi futhi izidingo zezinhlelo zokuphatha uketshezi zikhula.

Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukubuka okuphelele kwezobuchwepheshe ngezinhlobo zama-hose clamp, idatha yokusebenza, umhlahlandlela wokukhetha, amashadi wokulinganisa, kanye nezibonelo zokusetshenziswa ukuze kusizwe onjiniyela, abakhandi, kanye nochwepheshe bokuthenga ukuthi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezihlukene zama-hose clamp, ngayinye yakhelwe izimo ezithile, ububanzi bengcindezi, kanye nezidingo zokufaka. Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwazo kukusiza ukukhetha i-clamp eqinile futhi efanele kakhulu yohlelo lwakho.

I-clamp yepayipi yaseMelika, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-worm drive clamp, iwuhlobo olwaziwa kakhulu futhi olusebenza ngezindlela eziningi emhlabeni wonke. Inebhande elinemigodi kanye nekhava yesikulufu enentambo. Ukuphendula isikulufu se-hose clamp kwandisa noma kunciphisa ububanzi bebhande, okuvumela ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo. Ama-hose clamps ensimbi engagqwali aseMelika athandwa kakhulu emapayipini e-radiator, emapayipini kaphethiloli, nasekuxhumaniseni amanzi ngenxa yokulula kokufakwa nokusetshenziswa kabusha.

Ububanzi obubalulekile bokucaciswa: ubukhulu obujwayelekile kusukela ku-8 mm kuya ku-300 mm; umfutho wokusebenza ufinyelela ku-2.5 bar ezingeni elijwayelekile futhi uphezulu ezinhlobonhlobo ezinzima. I-Hengtuo ikhiqiza ama-clamps aseMelika kokubili ngensimbi enkanyisiwe nge-zinc kanye nensimbi engagqwali engu-304/316, enikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okufanele izindawo zasolwandle nezamakhemikhali.

Izigqinsi zohlobo lwaseJalimane zihambisana namazinga e-DIN 3017 futhi zibonakala ngomugqa obanzi uma kuqhathaniswa nezigqinsi zohlobo lwaseMelika, umugqa wokungenisa umoya ogqinsiwe, kanye nesakhiwo esiqinile se-housing. Lokhu klanywa kusabalalisa amandla okucindezela ngokulinganayo, okwenza zifanelekele ukudluliswa koketshezi olunomfutho ophezulu emishinini esindayo, izinjini zedizili, kanye nemishini yezimboni. I- steel hose clamp yohlobo lwaseJalimane ivamise ukusebenza ngomfutho ongaphezu kwe-3 bar ezimweni ezinzima.

Izigqinsi zohlobo lwaseBrithani zakhelwe ku-BS 5315 kanye nokucaciswa okuhlobene. Zaziwa ngokwakhiwa komugqa oqinile kanye nokusebenza okuthembekile kokuvala ekuxhumaneni kwamapayipi emikhunjini, kumasekhethi okupholisa ezimotweni, nasepayipini lezimboni elimile. Umklamo wazo olula wenza kube lula ukuzithola nokuzishintsha, okubalulekile ezimweni zokulungisa zasensimini.

Izigqinsi zesitayela esiqinile ziklanyelwe izimo zokusebenza ezinzima kakhulu. Zihlanganisa izinto zokubopha eziqinisiwe kanye nezinqubo zokukhiya ezithuthukisiwe ukuze zinikeze amandla okubopha aphezulu kanye nokusebenza okumelana nokudlidliza. Lezi zilungele kakhulu njengezigqinsi zamahose ezing крайнsitu lapho ukudlidliza nokushintshashintsha kokushisa kucindezela njalo ukuxhumana.

Isigqinsi sendlebe eyodwa, uhlobo lwesigqinsi sehose esiqinisiwe, sisebenzisa indlebe eyodwa ephumayo ecindezelwa ngethuluzi elikhethekile le-pincer. Uma sicindezelwe, sakha uphawu olungapheli, olubonakalayo lokuthi aluvulwanga. Lokhu kwaklanywa kuncane kakhulu futhi kufaneleka ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezincane. Kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zikaphethiloli zezimoto, imigqa yoketshezi lwamabhuleki, kanye nemishini yezokwelapha, isigqinsi sendlebe eyodwa sinikeza ukumelana nokudlidliza okuhle kakhulu futhi sivame ukubhekwa njengezinye zezinketho zezigqinsi zehose eziqine kakhulu zokufakwa okungapheli.

Ukuqoka isibopho esifanele kuqala ngokulinganisa ububanzi bangaphandle (OD) wepayipi ngemva kokuba lifakwe phezu kwenhlinzeko noma inipple. Lona ububanzi obucindezelweyo, hhayi ububanzi bangaphakathi bepayipi. Ishadi elinokwethenjelwa losayizi wokubopha ipayipi likuvumela ukuthi ufanise ububanzi bepayipi nobubanzi obuncane nobukhulu besibopho.

Ithebula elilandelayo letha usayizi ojwayelekile wesikrufu sokubopha isitayela saseMelika ngokusekelwe emikhiqizweni evamile ye-Hengtuo, ehambisana nomhlahlandlela wobukhulu be-SAE J1508:

Uma usebenza nosayizi we-hose clamp engu-4 noma noma yiziphi iziqinisi ezincane zamahose, hlala uqinisekisa ukuthi ububanzi bebhande buhambisana nobude bokuxhuma kwehose ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukucindezela okulinganayo. Ukumboza okunganele kwebhande kubangela umthwalo ongalingani nokulimala okungenzeka kwehose.

Ukukhetha impahla kungenye yezinqumo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kokubopha amapayipi. Izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko yilezi: izibopho zamapayipi zepulasitiki kanye nezibopho zensimbi, lapho izibopho zensimbi (ikakhulukazi insimbi engagqwali) zihamba phambili ezindaweni ezinzima.

Izibopho zamapayipi zepulasitiki zilula futhi zimelana namakhemikhali athile anjengama-asidi nama-alkali ahlasela izinsimbi. Zivame ukusetshenziswa emapayipini aselabhorethri, ekuniseleni ngomfutho ophansi, nasekucubunguleni ukudla lapho kudingeka ukugwema ukungcola kwensimbi noma ukugqwala kwe-galvanic. Nokho, zinomkhawulo wokumelana nezinga lokushisa (ngokuvamile -20 kuya ku-80 degrees C) namandla aphansi okudonsa, okwenza zingafaneleki ezimotweni ezinyakazayo noma ezindaweni zezimboni.

Phakathi kwezinsimbi zokubopha (hose clamps) ezihamba phambili eziningi zezinhlelo zobunjiniyela yilezo ezenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali (stainless steel) engu-304 noma engu-316. Izinga 304 linikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle futhi lisebenza kahle ezimotweni, kwezolimo, nasezimbonini ezijwayelekile. Izinga 316 linikeza ukumelana okuthuthukisiwe nama-chloride nendawo yasolwandle, okwenza kube yinto ekhethwayo ezikebheni nasezindaweni ezisogwini. I-Hengtuo ikhiqiza womabili la mazinga ngobubanzi bebhande obusuka ku-8 mm kuye ku-25 mm kuye ngochungechunge.

Ukubopha ngamakhampa amapayipi kungumsebenzi obalulekile ezimbonini eziningi. Imiphumela yekhampa ehlulekile isukela ekuvuzeni okuncane koketshezi kuya ekwehlulekeni okuphelele kwezinhlelo nezigameko zokuphepha. Ngezansi izinkambu eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa amakhampa akwa-Hengtuo kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhampa amapayipi afaneleka kakhulu kuzo.

Ukukhetha amakhampa amapayipi amahle ngohlelo lwakho oluthile kudinga ukucatshangelwa kwemingcele emihlanu ebalulekile: